Cosmetics through the Ages: The Evolution of Makeup

Since the dawn of civilization, cosmetics has been intertwined with human culture, and today, it is a ubiquitous presence in societies worldwide. Delving into the history of cosmetics reveals its deep-rooted significance in human expression and identity.

Ancient World: Egypt: Many cosmetic materials still used today, such as kohl and henna, find their origins in ancient Egypt. People of all ages adorned their eyes with colored kohl, typically in shades of dark green, black, or blue, believed to ward off the evil eye. Interestingly, researchers now speculate that the lead in ancient Egyptian cosmetics may have served a dual purpose, offering both aesthetic appeal and antimicrobial properties. Castor oil was also utilized by the Egyptians for its protective qualities, while creams made of beeswax, olive oil, and rosewater were commonplace during this era.

China: In ancient China, nail painting emerged around 3000 BCE, initially serving as a marker of social status. Royals flaunted gold or silver nail polish, contrasting with restrictions imposed on lower classes against using such luxurious shades. Plum blossom makeup, inspired by folklore about a princess whose beauty was heightened by a falling petal, gained popularity during the Tang and Song dynasties (618-1279 AD).

Japan: Geishas are renowned for their distinctive makeup, initially crafted from crushed safflower petals for lips and eyebrows and rice powder for facial complexion. Additionally, a black paint known as ohaguro was traditionally used for ceremonial purposes to blacken the teeth.

Europe: Even further back in history, figures like Alexander the Great used cosmetics for both aesthetic and protective purposes. Eye makeup served to protect delicate skin, repel flies, and shield eyes from the sun's glare during his conquests. Notably, Alexander's travels also contributed to the exchange of beauty practices across regions, as he sent botanical specimens back to Athens for the cultivation of beauty products. The ancient Britons, referred to by Romans as 'picts' or 'painted ones,' applied blue woad on their faces, highlighting their distinct cosmetic practices.

The 20th Century: 1920s: In the early 20th century, societal perceptions of beauty were heavily influenced by class distinctions. Pale skin became synonymous with wealth and leisure, as it suggested individuals who didn't engage in outdoor labor. However, achieving this desired complexion was not without risks, as cosmetics often contained hazardous ingredients like arsenic. Popular cosmetic routines of the era involved powdered faces, rosy cheeks, and darkened lashes, while Hollywood's burgeoning influence led to the widespread adoption of glamorous makeup styles. Max Factor, among other makeup artists, played a pivotal role in shaping beauty trends during this period.

The 1960s and 70s: This era witnessed the rise of the anti-cosmetics movement as part of the broader feminist movement, challenging the objectification of women perpetuated by beauty standards. Despite critiques, the popularity of cosmetics opened doors for women in entrepreneurial roles within the industry. Meanwhile, the 1970s saw a surge in men embracing cosmetics as a means of defying traditional gender norms, exemplified by glam rock icons like David Bowie and KISS.

The Modern Era: 21st Century: Cosmetics today transcend gender boundaries, with increasing numbers of men embracing products like concealer and eyeliner. As movements for gender equality progress, the once rigid distinctions around who can wear makeup continue to blur. Now more than ever, cosmetics serve as a tool for self-expression, catering to diverse identities and personal styles. Whether enhancing features or making bold statements, makeup is celebrated as a medium for individuality in the modern age.

Here's a video on the the Evolution of Makeup